QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF SACHET WATERS CONSUMED BY RESIDENTS IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16910293Keywords:
Chemical, hard, Sachet, Standards, waterAbstract
Aim/Objective: This study evaluates the chemical quality of sachet waters sold and consumed by residents of Bayelsa state in comparison with WHO and national standards. Five commonly sold brands of sachet water were chosen. A total of fifteen sachets per brand of water were purchased randomly at different places and used for this study. Seven chemical parameters (Th, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cd & Cu) were analyzed at the Bayelsa State Water Board Quality Control Laboratory. Results: Findings from this study shows Th 17.10mg/l in sachet water ABC and E while D has 34.21mg/l compared with WHO and national standard permissible range of 100 to 150mg/l. Traces of ‘Cu’ was absent from among the different samples obtained for this study. Heavy metals such as Pb,Cr and Cdwere not observed in all the samples. However a small concentration of “Fe” (0.01 and 0.02mg/l) was found in sample C and E only compared with WHO (0.3mg/l) standard. Conclusion: This study shows that the different brands of sachet water tested were chemically safe and suitable for drinking purpose. However water concentration ? 50ppm (50mg/l) in terms of hardness is considered soft though with no significant physiological health risk but may thus lack some beneficial minerals such as Mg²? and Ca²?. Hence regular consumers of these waters can do well by supplementing their diets with food rich in the minerals lacking in soft waters.
References
Adebayo, O. E., &Olajumoke, E. O.(2020). Water Supply and Quality in the Sub-Saharan
Africa. Springer nature, Switzerland A.G. 1-18
Adefemi, O.S., &Azeez, M.A. (2019). Chemical assessment of Sachets Water in AdoEkiti Metropolis, Nigeria. Chem.Sci. Int J., Pp 1-6
Adewale, M. T., Deborah, O.O., Mufiat, K. B., Onyinyechukwu, T. I., Sukurat, O. O.,
Ifeoluwa, A.A., Ganiyat, A.A., &Olamide, E.T. (2022). Evaluation of Water Quality
index, levels and Human Health Risks of Metals in Packaged ground water from
Abeokuta and Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Research Square
Ajayi, A. A., Sridhar, M. K. C., Adekunle, L. V., &Oluwande, P.A. (2008). Quality of
Packaged Waters sold in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 12(3),
-258
Augustine, I. A., Ogbonnaya, E. ,Olamide, O. A., Emmanuel, O. O., Uloaku, O., &
Davidson, I. (2019). Assessment of Sachet and Bottled water Quality in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Global Journal of Nutrition and Food Science, 1(4), 1-12.
Dibua, U. E., Esimore, C. O., &Ndimelin, P. C. (2017). Physicochemical Characteristics
of Sachet Water samples marketed in Nsukka Campus of the University of Nigeria. Bio
Research, 5: 189-193
Emenike, P. C., Tenebe, T. I., &Osinubu, D. S. (2017). Health Risks Assessment of
Heavy Metal variability in Sachet Water sold in Ado- Ado Ota, South Western Nigeria.
Environ. Monit. Assess., 189(9), p.480
Gana, A. J., Adeniyi, I. A., Braimoh, S. O., Oguntayo, D. O., Ibitogbe, E. M., &Ejigboye,
P. O. (2021). Quality Assessment of Sachet Water in Omu-AranKwara State. IOP Conf.
Series: Material Science and Engineering, 1036
Geraldine, O. O., &Hycienth, O. N. (2022). Assessment of Ground water Quality in parts
of Port – Harcourt Metropolis. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 8(2), 89-
Hague Water of Maryland (2019). The Harmful Health Effects of having Iron in your
drinking water. https://haguewaterofmd.co
Ishaya, F., Mohammed, B. Y., Abdulkarim, S. M., &Adeniyi, O. A. (2021). Detection
and Antibiogram of Bacteriological contaminants in commonly consumed Sachet Water
in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria. Caliphate Journal of science and Technology, 1, 109-118
Khwaja, S., &Amit, K. A. (2020). Water Quality Analysis and evaluation of
Gangassgarlake of Darbhanga district in Bihar (India). Uttar Pradesh Journal of zoology,
(5), 7-15
Levallois, P. (2018). Public Health consequences of lead in drinking water. National
Institute of Health https://pubmed.ncbi.nilm.nih.gov
Mahipal, S. S., Rajeev.,&Lalit, P. (2019). Zinc impurity in Drinking Water and it?s toxic
effects on Human Health. Indian Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine & Technology,
Vol. 17, N0.4, 84-87
Misha, R. ,Farzana, S., Rahul, M., &Chaitali, G. (2022). The Riverine Pollution – A
critical review to study the water Quality and pollution load of some major rivers of
India. Journal of Alternate Energy source & Technology, 13(2), 3-17
National Institute of Health (2020). The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity.
Pmc.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>p
Omoniyi, A. M. (2020). Assessment of Heavy Metals contamination at Berger, Ofada,
and Lafenws areas of Ogunriver, Ogun State, Nigeria. Research Thesis report submitted
to department of water resources management. Federal University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Oyelude, E. O &Ahenkorah, S. (2012). Quality of Sachets water and Bottled water in
Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana. Res. J. Apple. Sc. Eng. Technol., 4(9), pp.1094-1098
Raphael, T. I., Joseph, T. I., &Martinah, H. (2021). Assessment of Heavy Metals and
Physico-chemical pollution loadings of River Benue Water at Markudi using Water
Quality Index and Multivariate statistics. Journal of Applied Water Science, 11, 124
Ritabrata, R. (2019). An Introduction to Water Quality Analysis. International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(1), 1-6
Safia, A. M., Andrew, N., Willie, K. S., & Musa, N. (2021). Bottled water brands are
contaminated with multi-drug resistant bacteria in Nairobi, Kenya. Peer Review 2.
F1000Research, 9:1337
Singla, A., Hansa, K., Basavarai, P., Shilpi, S., Khushboo, S., & Swati, J. (2014).
Physico-chemical and Bacterial Evaluation of Packaged drinking water marketed in Delhi
– Potential Public Implications. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 8(3), 246-
Solomon MU, Charles NN, Kiridin Emily GE (2021). Blood Serum Lead and Cadmium
level among Pregnant women in gas flaring Communities in Bayelsa state, Nigeria.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication 11(5):127-133.
Taiwo, A. M., Olujumi, O. O., Bamgbose, O., &Arowolo, T. A. (2018). Surface Water
Quality Monitoring in Nigeria: Situational Analysis and future Management Strategy.
ResearchGate, 1-22
U. A. EPA (2024). Chromium in Drinking Water. https://www.epa.gov>sdwa>chr
Yirdaw, M., &Bamlaku, A. (2016). Drinking Water Quality Assessment and it?s effects
on Residents Health in Wondo, Genet Campus, Ethiopia. Environmental System
Research, 5(1), 1-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 IPHO-Journal of Advance Research in Pharmacy & Biological Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Author(s) and co-author(s) jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties and that the Article has not been published elsewhere. Author(s) agree to the terms that the IPHO Journal will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.
