The USA as a Global Power: Monroe Doctrine or Wilsonianism

Abstract

This essay explores the interplay between the Monroe Doctrine and Wilsonianism as two foundational yet contrasting paradigms of United States foreign policy. The Monroe Doctrine, established in the early 19th century, asserted American dominance in the Western Hemisphere through principles of isolationism and deterrence against European intervention, later evolving into interventionist policies that consolidated U.S. regional power. In contrast, Wilsonianism, developed in the aftermath of World War I, promoted international engagement, democracy, self-determination, and collective security through institutions such as the League of Nations, embodying America’s role as a moral leader in global governance. Although these approaches reflect differing orientations—regional isolationism versus global internationalism—their interaction has been pivotal in shaping U.S. foreign policy across centuries. From the Cold War to contemporary challenges, elements of both doctrines have been combined to balance regional stability with global leadership. The essay concludes that the adaptability of these doctrines underscores the United States’ ability to navigate evolving geopolitical realities, ensuring its position as both a regional protector and a global power.