MULTIPLE RATIONALITIES AND THE REALITIES OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SCREENING STRATEGIES IN CAMEROON: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes characterized by damage to the retinal blood vessels, which can lead to vision impairment and blindness. It typically progresses through stages, starting with mild non-proliferative changes and potentially advancing to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, where new, abnormal blood vessels form on the retina. The condition is often asymptomatic in its early stages, making regular screening essential for early detection and intervention. In Cameroon, the rising prevalence of diabetes necessitates early detection and intervention to avert vision loss. This study evaluates the feasibility of implementing DR screening strategies in Cameroon, focusing on unique economic, legal, ethical, social, and organizational challenges. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the effectiveness, costs, ethical considerations, and organizational aspects of various DR screening strategies. The review included studies published between 2014 and 2021, emphasizing the involvement of social workers or paraprofessionals in diabetes management. Findings underscore the necessity of addressing socioeconomic and cultural barriers to enhance community engagement in DR screening. Recommendations include targeted outreach initiatives, financial assistance for screening services, and culturally tailored communication strategies.